Khat in ethiopia pdf download

Although there have been many small scale studies, very limited national information has been available in the general population. Khat is a mildly narcotic plant that has been chewed and enjoyed socially for centuries in the horn of africa and the arabian peninsula. Findings from the 2015 national noncommunicable diseases steps survey prevalence of. Pdf khat chewing practice and associated factors among. A community based crosssectional study was conducted from march to june 2016 using both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. Somaliland spends about 524 million dollars a year about 30% of gross domestic product on ethiopian khat many suspect the true figure to. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Khat has no approved or evidencebased medical uses in the united states. Reliable prevalence has not been recognized because of varying published rates. The khat farmer, trader, and majority of chewers are deeply tied to the leaves for historical, economic and cultural reasons. It has been widely used since the thirteenth century as a recreational drug by the. A study done on cigarette smoking and khat chewing among college students in north west ethiopia revealed. Khat chewing practice and associated factors among adults.

Jul 22, 2017 about half of ethiopias youth are thought to chew khat, a psychotropic leaf. It accounts for 45 to 50% of ethiopia s total export earnings but, its share of total export earnings has gradually declined in recent years as a result of increased exports of other commodities such as gold, flowers, khat, textiles, and leather products. The recent sharp increase in khat consumption may not only affect the health of individuals but could also have serious socioeconomic consequences. The khat plant is known by a variety of names, such as qat and gat in yemen, qaat and jaad in somalia, and chat in ethiopia. Khat chewing practice and its perceived health effects among. Most often the fresh leaves and shoots are chewed, although it can also be made into a tea or paste. Khat, or catha edulis, is a flowering plant native to east africa which is legal to grow, sell and consume in ethiopia and used for its stimulant effects. Aug 20, 2002 khat is a cash crop which really benefits the khat growers, traders and the government. Khat chewing among ethiopian university students a growing. Even though khat addiction is a major public health problem, studies that consider both individual level and community level factors are limited. A cross sectional study was conducted on bahir dar.

A trader carries bundles of khat chat for the market hewan semon addis abeba, july 272017 increasingly popular among the youth of addis abeba, khat, commonly known as chat by ethiopians, is a controversial perishable stimulant. In its original subtropical locale of ethiopia and yemen, khat grows very easily into small sized trees or large shrubs. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf khat chewing among ethiopian university students a growing concern article pdf available in bmc public health 141. Before beginnings of 21st century, only limited amount of khat was chewed in ethiopia for socialization and religious purpose. Manurial value of khat waste vermicompost from awday, harar town, ethiopia hiranmai yadav rameshwar1 anteneh argaw1 received. It has various negative physical, mental, social and cognitive effects. About half of ethiopias youth are thought to chew khat, a psychotropic leaf. Khat is an integral part of the agricultural systems of nearly all regions of ethiopia. Historical evidences indicate that khat use existed in ancient ethiopia abyssinia as early as th century and khat leaves were introduced in yemen in early 15th century.

This research tries to analyze the conceptualization, production and socioeconomic implication of khat in eastern parts of ethiopia. Prevalence and risk factors for khat use among youth students. Fresh khat from different origin contained on the average 36 mg cathinone, 120 mg cathine, and 8 mg. Khat catha edulis forsk, is a stimulant plant grown mainly in ethiopia, yemen and kenya. Factors affecting current khat chewing among male adults. Prevalence and risk factors for khat use among youth. The leaves of the crop are used for their stimulating effect. Khat chewing is met with different sociocultural, as well as legal perspectives and. Individuals chew khat leaves because of the stimulant effects, which are similar to but less intense than those caused by using cocaine or methamphetamine. Ethiopians in an age of migration download ebook pdf. In countries where its sale and use are legal, it is sometimes used to treat fatigue, headaches, colds, and depression.

The present study was undertaken in habro district in western hararghie. Methods the study used the 2011 ethiopian demographic. Chronic khat chewing leads to the development of liver toxicity, cardiovascular disease, sleeping disorder, psychosis, memory impairment, poor academic performance and variety of social and economic problems affecting the consumers and their families. Ethiopia coffee annual coffee production and exports. The following chart summarizes the legal status of khat catha edulis, also known as kat, qat, chat, and miraa, a plant whose leaves have a stimulant effect when chewed, in seven jurisdictions. A gateway drug welday hagos, a clinical psychologist and director of the mekelebased centre ethiopias only free, longterm drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility believes that khat is a gateway drug to harder substances. Assessment of drug addiction and its associated factor among. Pdf socioeconomic and health effects of khat chewing in. Khat often refers to the leaves and young shoot of catha edulis. In my 2012, ethiopia exported an increased volume of coffee to the international market. Officials consider such widespread use of the drug, blamed on a lack of work, a huge problem for the country. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and identify factors associated with khat chewing among ethiopian university students. It is registered with the ministry of trade and industry of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia under license number 15522003. This study provides a more accurate prevalence of khat use as compared to most of the recent studies on khat use among university students in ethiopia.

The conceptualization of khat, its production and its. In the traditional context, khat is used in ritual and habitual ways that exhibit its cultural embeddedness. Pdf prevalence of khat chewing and associated factors in. Khat, catha edulis, is a flowering shrub native to east africa and the arabianpeninsula. Click download or read online button to get ethiopians in an age of migration book now. In this study, prevalence of cigarette smoking was found to be 8. The production of khat in ethiopia has boomed over the last two decades, making the country the worlds leading source. Khat use among students has been linked with mental, physical, social, and psychological problems. Khat, qat, kat, chat, miraa, quaadka september 2019.

In equal proportion, the habit of khat chewing is expanding at an alarming rate among different social groups irrespective of gender, age, religion and ethnic background. Prevalence of khat chewing and associated factors in ethiopia. Oct 11, 2016 the main aim of this study was to assess psychological, economic, and social impact of khat chewing among adolescents, in nekemte town, east welega zone. Khat catha edulis is a stimulant leaf khat comes from a tree which grows in countries bordering the red sea which are along the east coast of africa and in west asia.

The estimate of the number of people chewing khat globally ranges from 5 to 10 million people most of which are in the horn of africa and arabian peninsula, specifically ethiopia, somalia, and yemen. Khat catha edulis is a flowering shrub native to east africa and the arabian peninsula. Attempts, albeit unsuccessful, have been made to link the use of khat. Taking the place of food, edited by ezekiel gebissa. Khat chewing is met with different sociocultural, as well as legal perspectives and practices in different countries. The growing number of khat consumers, the lack of scientifically studies research on this specific issue and the emotional attachment that the researcher has with both the study area and the. The country is the worlds biggest exporter for the amphetaminelike leaf. Khat is a perennial cash crop which has psychoactive properties whose tender leaves are chewed for euphonizing effects. Khat chewing prevalence and correlates among university.

This study was conducted to assess prevalence of khat chewing practice, its associated factors and perceived health effects among communities in dera woreda, am hara region, ethiopia 20. Khat is a stimulant, and its leaves and twigs are chewed by many people in the arabian peninsula and the horn of africa. For ethiopias underemployed youth, life can center on a leaf. Khat is now one of ethiopia s largest crops by area of cultivation, the countrys second largest export earner, and an essential source of income for millions of ethiopian farmers. The fresh khat leaves contain many compounds including alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, sterols, glycosides, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Addis standard is a monthly english private magazine published and distributed by jakenn publishing p. Socio economic impact of khat addiction on the family. What is now needed is empirical research that identifies the impairment effects of khat grounded in social understanding of how khat is used. Khat is an herbal cultivated plant growing mainly in eastern africa and arabians. This study explored the acceptable and problematic uses of khat from the perspective of users. Khat chewing practice and associated factors among adults in. Although, anyone who has the intention to grow khat, may do so using seeds. Although khat is reported to cause various health problems, what constitutes problematic khat use has never been systematically investigated.

In ethiopia, a rehab centre takes on khat addiction. Khat consumption, traditionally confined to a certain segment of the population, had become popular among all segments of the population. A community based crosssectional study was conducted by using both quantitative and qualitative methods among. Different reasons have triggered the researcher to do this research. Khat is legal and generates more money per acre than any other crop in ethiopia. Background of the study some oral traditions claim that khat originated from yemen, however the literature indicates that khat originated from ethiopia, specifically in hararge with a gradual expansion to different parts of ethiopia, yemen and other parts of the world as. Khat use prevalence, causes and its effect on mental health, bahirdar, north west ethiopia asfaw getnet gebiresilus berhanie getnet gebresilus simegn sendek yizengaw daniel tsehay sewasew university of gondar, psychology department, college of social sciences and humanities,gondar, ethiopia teka zewudie mengesha. For ethiopias underemployed youth, life can center on a. It has widespread use in somalia, djibouti, ethiopia, and parts of kenya, and is particularly popular in yemen. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf. In ethiopia, khat cultivation is expanding aggressively in recent years. Perceived psychological, economic, and social impact of khat. Regions that were formerly known for coffee production have become major khat producing areas.

Prevalence and factors associated with use of khat. Addis abeba, july 272017 increasingly popular among the youth of addis abeba, khat, commonly known as chat by ethiopians, is a controversial perishable stimulant. It includes information regarding the legality of khat in each jurisdiction and, where it is banned, the applicable penalties. Data are collected on the established risk factors and ncd conditions that. Oct 21, 2019 khat is an herbal cultivated plant growing mainly in eastern africa and arabians. Further analysis using the 2011 demographic and health. Despite health risks, trade is so lucrative that it is unlikely to slow down any. Background khat chewing has become a highly prevalent practice and a growing public health concern in ethiopia. The world health organization considers khat as a drug of abuse. Ezekiel gebissa offers a detailed study of the emergence of khat as a cash crop in harerge, in eastern ethiopia. Dave khat house with an ethiopian mobile phone number, selling the drug chewed widely in yemen, somalia and is currently legal in ethiopia.

In ethiopia, khat is chewed routinely by users for its euphoric effects and as a recreational drug, and chewing khat has an important role as well in both. Khat production in this district is rapidly replacing cereal production and to some extent coffee production. Khat chewing practice and associated factors among adults in ethiopia. Khat chewing among ethiopian university students a. A trader carries bundles of khat chat for the market. Attempts, albeit unsuccessful, have been made to link the use of khat with serious health issues such as psychosis, insomnia, paranoia, and depression. Its true that in most of ethiopia consumption of qatchatmiraa is much lower than in yemen.

This study aimed to identify factors associated with khat chewing practice among ethiopian adults. A community based study, in jimma city, southwestern ethiopia. Socioeconomic and health effects of khat chewing in mekelle, tigray region, ethiopia. Khat is a psychostimulant herb, which has been in use in traditional societies in east africa and the middle east over many centuries. Khat catha edulis is a slow growing stimulant shrub or tree that grows in rainy area of. The psychoactive constituents of khat, cathinone and cathine, are structurally similar to amphetamine. Poor academic performance has been associated with khat. Pdf khat chewing among ethiopian university students a. It is also known as jimaa in the oromo language, mayirungi in luganda, and as miraa in kenya. In the next couple of years sanaa yemeni capital is due to run out of water completley thus becoming the first capital in the world to run out of water and this is largelly due to the cultivation of qat which is a very thirsty plant. Although khat is a relatively lowrisk drug, its associated with an increased risk for a variety of medical complications. Definition of khat khat is a leafy green plant whose leaves are chewed for its stimulant and euphoric qualities cat, miraa, qat, khat, chat are some of the street names khat contains the same chemical structure to that of amphetamine. Assessment of drug addiction and its associated factor. This article is published with open access at abstract purpose catha edulis, commonly called as khat or chat is.

This study was conducted to assess prevalence of khat chewing practice, its associated factors and perceived health effects among communities in dera woreda, amhara region, ethiopia 20. Prevalence, reasons, and perceived effects of khat chewing. Khat catha edulis is a rapidly expanding perennial crop in the ethiopian highlands, and it is ethiopia s second largest export item. While it accounts for about onethird of the countrys export earnings, this percentage is gradually declining with increased export sales of gold, cut flowers, textiles, leather products and khat. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors affecting current khat chewing among male adults in ethiopia. Credit tiksa negeri for the new york times often associated with famine and marathon runners, ethiopia is trying to change its global image by engineering a fastgrowing economy, hoping to mimic asian nations like china. A gateway drug welday hagos, a clinical psychologist and director of the mekelebased centre ethiopia s only free, longterm drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility believes that khat is a gateway drug to harder substances. Khat farmers in its native regions do not grow the plants using seeds. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of. In any of these countries, youll find the plant being sold freely at open markets and consumed with the same regularity as coffee in western countries. In a circumstance of land degradation and scarcity farmers consider khat as a better smallscale faming alternative.

Coffee has maintained its position as ethiopia s top export for many years. This study has much larger sample size which represent all the undergraduate students compared to previous studies conducted among university students in ethiopia, 15. Khat is banned in european countries, united states, and canada while it is lawful in yemen, somalia, and ethiopia 76. Ethiopia khat is weighed in a customs post near dire dawa. Khat chewing prevalence and correlates among university staff. Khat is a cash crop which really benefits the khat growers, traders and the government. Dec 18, 2019 khat is a mildly narcotic plant that has been chewed and enjoyed socially for centuries in the horn of africa and the arabian peninsula.

Khat is evergreen shrub that grows on high altitudes in the region extending from eastern africa to southern africa, as well as on the arabian peninsula. Khat, previously known to grow mainly in the eastern part of ethiopia, was widely cultivated in all parts of the country. The psycho active component within these leaves is cathinone. Ethiopia, oromia, alem maya, chewing drug khat market, somali women. Therefore cultivation of khat plant started earlier than. Manurial value of khat waste vermicompost from awday. The phenylalkylamine content of khat leaves varies within wide limits. Currently it is a ubiquitous commodity cultivated and chewed.